Ciliogenesis is the culmination of a succession of spatially and temporally coordinated steps that may differ from one organism to another. However, it includes several key steps, common to all cellular models and conserved throughout evolution: duplication of the centriole/basal body, maturation of the basal body, migration and anchoring to the membrane leading to the formation of the transition zone and then growth of the cilium. In addition to a correct synthesis of the proteins involved, the construction of this complex organelle depends on the correct unfolding of molecular interactions in a 4-dimensional space (space-time) and on regulations by post-translational modifications (ubiquitination/deubiquitination). Cilia are involved in many developmental and physiological processes and, in mammals, their alteration leads to physio-pathological disorders called “ciliopathies“. The loss of cilia, observed in various tumors, reveals that ciliogenesis is also part of cancer.