RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) are widespread in eukaryotic genomes and play critical roles in all aspects of RNA biology by controlling the fate of RNA species from synthesis to degradation. Many RBPs recognize specific classes of transcripts (mRNAs and ncRNAs) through conserved RNA-binding domains (e.g. RRM, zinc finger, pumilio, YTH, …) to ensure the correct flow and expression of the genetic information. Highlighting their biological relevance, mutations in RBPs are responsible for various developmental defects and disorders in humans, which calls for a better understanding of their function in order to get insights into the molecular basis of these pathologies.