Proper cellular function requires the correct processing of genetic information. This Research Axis aims to determine how the genome sequence is reliably maintained,  how the transfer from DNA sequence to RNA synthesis to protein production is achieved, and how dysfunctions in these processes cause cellular pathologies. This axis incorporates many cellular processes, including DNA replication, DNA repair and DNA recombination, gene expression and gene regulation, RNA stability and RNA translation and protein maturation. To address these biological questions, a wide range of methodologies can be applied, which include genomics assays, structural biology approaches, imaging techniques,, bioinformatics data analysis and biophysical and mathematical modeling in a large variety of model systems and disease models. Of particular interest to this Axis are approaches that provide information about  single-cell and spatial heterogeneity (genomics, imaging) and/or single-molecule variability (structural biology, data analysis and modeling).